Kemal Atatürk [1] (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha [a] up until 1934, typically referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; [b] 1881 [c]-- 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, advanced statesman, author, and the founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its very first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. His benevolent dictatorship carried out sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a nonreligious, commercial nation.Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories ended up being referred to as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded according to research studies as one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century.
Atatürk came to prominence for his function in protecting the Ottoman Turkish success at the Fight of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Motion, which withstood mainland Turkey's partition amongst the triumphant Allied powers. Establishing a provisionary government in the contemporary Turkish capital Ankara, he beat the forces sent out by the Allies, therefore emerging triumphant from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Self-reliance. He subsequently proceeded to eliminate the shabby Ottoman Empire and declared the structure of the Turkish Republic in its location.
As the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk started an extensive program of political, financial, and cultural reforms with the supreme aim of developing a modern, progressive and nonreligious nation-state. He made primary education complimentary and mandatory, opening thousands of new schools all over the nation. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish women got equivalent civil and political rights during Atatürk's presidency ahead of numerous Western countries. [8] In specific, ladies were offered voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a couple of years later, in 1934, complete universal suffrage, earlier than a lot of other democracies in the world.
His federal government performed a policy of Turkicisation, attempting to produce an uniform and unified nation. Under Atatürk, non-Turkish minorities were pressured to speak Turkish in public, non-Turkish toponyms and surnames of minorities needed to be altered to Turkish renditions. The Turkish Parliament approved him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which indicates "Father of the Turks", in acknowledgment of the function he played in developing the modern Turkish Republic. [16] He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57 he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister İsmet İnönü [18] Check over here and was honored with a state funeral service. His iconic mausoleum in Ankara, constructed and opened in 1953, is surrounded by a park called the Peace Park in honor of his famous expression "Peace at House, Peace in the World".
In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the United Nations and UNESCO, which declared it The Atatürk Year worldwide and adopted the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, describing him as "the leader of the very first battle given versus manifest destiny and imperialism" and a "remarkable promoter of the sense of understanding in between individuals and durable peace between the countries of the world which he worked all his life for the advancement of harmony and cooperation between individuals without difference". [19] [20] Atatürk is commemorated by numerous memorials and locations called in his honor throughout Turkey and the world. Eleftherios Venizelos, former Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atatürk's name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.